International Sports Sciences Association (ISSA) Trainer Practice Exam

In which plane does flexion primarily occur?

1. Frontal plane

2. Transverse plane

3. Sagittal plane

4. Coronal plane

The correct answer is: Sagittal plane

Flexion primarily occurs in the sagittal plane, which is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves. This plane is essential for movements that reduce the angle between two body segments. For example, when you perform a bicep curl, the bending of your elbow (flexion) occurs in the sagittal plane as your forearm moves towards your upper arm, decreasing the angle at the elbow joint. In contrast, the other planes of movement have different roles. The frontal plane divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions, primarily allowing for movements like abduction and adduction. The transverse plane splits the body into upper and lower parts and is associated with rotational movements. The coronal plane is another term often used interchangeably with the frontal plane. Understanding these distinctions is crucial as it allows fitness professionals to analyze and effectively coach their clients on various movements and exercises.